Verde-Web/app/Console/Commands/ExpireQrCodes.php

<?php

namespace App\Console\Commands;

use App\Models\QrCode;
use App\States\QrCode\Active;
use App\States\QrCode\Allocated;
use App\States\QrCode\Expired;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;

class ExpireQrCodes extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'qr:expire {--dry : Report what would change without writing}';

    protected $description = 'Transition QR codes whose expires_at has passed to the expired state';

    public function handle(): int
    {
        $now = Carbon::now();
        $dry = (bool) $this->option('dry');

        $query = QrCode::query()
            ->whereNotNull('expires_at')
            ->where('expires_at', '<=', $now)
            ->whereIn('status', [Allocated::$name, Active::$name]);

        $count = (clone $query)->count();
        $this->info(($dry ? '[DRY] ' : '')."Found {$count} expired QR codes");

        if ($count === 0 || $dry) {
            return self::SUCCESS;
        }

        // Bulk update — bypasses the state machine but keeps the DB
        // representation consistent and is safe because we only move
        // from non-terminal states to a terminal one.
        $updated = $query->update([
            'status' => Expired::$name,
            'updated_at' => $now,
        ]);

        $this->info("Expired {$updated} QR codes");

        return self::SUCCESS;
    }
}